Mastectomy
A mastectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts, typically as a treatment for breast cancer. This operation is often recommended for individuals with breast cancer or those at a high risk of developing it. There are various types of mastectomies depending on the extent of breast tissue removed and the purpose of the surgery.
While mastectomy is generally safe, potential risks include infection, bleeding, scarring, and lymphedema (swelling due to lymph node removal). Emotional effects, such as grief over the loss of one’s breast(s), are common and can be addressed with counseling and support groups. A mastectomy is a major decision that should be discussed thoroughly with a healthcare provider. Advances in surgical techniques, reconstruction options, and post-operative care have made this procedure safer, but it remains a deeply personal and impactful choice for those affected.
Types of Mastectomies
Simple or Total Mastectomy: Involves removing the entire breast tissue, including the nipple, areola, and most of the overlying skin. It’s commonly performed when cancer is present in one breast.
Modified Radical Mastectomy: This involves removing the entire breast, some of the lymph nodes under the arm, and often part of the chest wall muscles. It is used to treat invasive breast cancer, where cancer cells may have spread outside the breast tissue.
Radical Mastectomy: In this procedure, the entire breast, all lymph nodes under the arm, and the chest wall muscles beneath the breast are removed. This is the most extensive type but is rarely performed today due to the effectiveness of less radical surgeries.
Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: This approach leaves most of the skin over the breast, making it a suitable option for breast reconstruction. The nipple and areola are generally removed, and it’s often chosen by individuals considering reconstruction.
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Here, all breast tissue is removed but the nipple and areola are left intact. This type is often combined with immediate breast reconstruction, giving a more natural appearance post-surgery.
Double Mastectomy: This involves removing both breasts, which is usually an option for people with high genetic risk for breast cancer, such as those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
For those seeking reconstruction, options include using implants or tissue from other parts of the body (such as the abdomen or back). Reconstruction can be immediate or delayed, and the choice depends on factors like overall health, cancer treatment plans, and personal preference.