Gynaecological Surgeries

Gynaecological surgeries encompass a range of procedures performed to address various conditions of the female reproductive system. These surgeries are undertaken to diagnose, treat, or manage disorders affecting the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina, and other related structures. Here’s an overview of some common types of gynaecological surgeries, their purposes, and advancements in these procedures.
Recent advances include robotic-assisted surgery, laparoscopic techniques, and non-invasive treatments, all of which reduce recovery time, minimize scarring, and increase procedural precision. Enhanced imaging technologies allow for accurate diagnosis and planning, improving outcomes for women with complex conditions.

  • 1. Hysterectomy

    • Definition: Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and is one of the most common gynaecological procedures.
    • Purpose: It is performed to treat uterine fibroids, endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, or uterine, cervical, and ovarian cancers.
    • Types: Types include total hysterectomy (removing the uterus and cervix), partial hysterectomy (removal of only the upper part of the uterus), and radical hysterectomy (for cancer, where the uterus, cervix, part of the vagina, and surrounding tissues are removed).

    2. Myomectomy

    • Definition: A myomectomy is the removal of uterine fibroids (noncancerous growths in the uterus).
    • Purpose: Myomectomy is preferred over hysterectomy for women who want to retain their fertility or preserve their uterus.
    • Procedure: It can be performed laparoscopically, hysteroscopically, or through an open abdominal incision, depending on the size and location of the fibroids.

    3. Oophorectomy and Salpingo-Oophorectomy

    • Definition: Oophorectomy involves removing one or both ovaries, while salpingo-oophorectomy involves removing the ovaries along with the fallopian tubes.
    • Purpose: These surgeries are often necessary in cases of ovarian cancer, severe endometriosis, or to reduce the risk of ovarian or breast cancer in high-risk patients.
    • Advancements: Laparoscopic techniques allow for minimally invasive removal, leading to quicker recovery and reduced scarring.

    4. Endometrial Ablation

    • Definition: Endometrial ablation is a procedure that removes or destroys the lining of the uterus (endometrium).
    • Purpose: It’s used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding, especially for women who do not want a hysterectomy and no longer wish to bear children.
    • Procedure: Methods include the use of heat, cold, or radiofrequency energy, performed on an outpatient basis.

    5. Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy

    • Definition: These minimally invasive techniques use a small camera (laparoscope or hysteroscope) to visualize and treat gynaecological issues.
    • Purpose: Laparoscopy is used for conditions like endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and ectopic pregnancy, while hysteroscopy treats issues within the uterus, like polyps or adhesions.
    • Benefits: These procedures are less invasive, with minimal incisions and faster recovery compared to open surgeries.

    6. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair

    • Definition: Surgery to restore the position of the pelvic organs (uterus, bladder, and rectum) when they drop due to weakened support structures.
    • Purpose: Pelvic organ prolapse can lead to discomfort, urinary and bowel dysfunction, and is common after childbirth or with aging.
    • Procedure: Can be performed vaginally, laparoscopically, or robotically, sometimes using mesh to support the weakened areas.

    7. Tubal Ligation and Reversal

    • Definition: Tubal ligation is a permanent method of contraception involving cutting or sealing the fallopian tubes, while tubal reversal attempts to restore fertility by reconnecting them.
    • Purpose: Tubal ligation prevents eggs from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus for fertilization. Reversal may be requested if a woman decides she wants to conceive after the initial procedure.